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I want you to place yourself within the shoes of this
young boy and learn just what life is like as a colonial apprentice. |
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Nathanial,
who is now a fine adult journeyman printer, began to learn his trade much
like most. At the tender age of 14 years, Nathanial belonged to a large
farming family. Quite able to feed his family, Nathanial’s father knew that
only his oldest son would inherit his lands and he may be able to help buy
land for some of his older boys. But, Nathanial’s father knew that there
would be little to no inheritance for Nathanial. Having learned the basics of
reading and writing, Nathanial grew to be a boy who wanted nothing more than
to read incessantly. He looked forward to trading days in his county hoping
to trade books with others. In
consideration of Nathanial’s talents and failings, his father was able to
arrange him an apprenticeship in the printing trade. As was customary, an
indenture was agreed upon between the print shop owner and Nathanial’s
father. The owner agreed to pay Nathanial’s father £10
and 12 shillings. He also agreed to house, feed and cloth the boy and to
teach him the secret arts of the printing trade. In the indenture agreement
the owner also grant Nathanial his freedom either on his 21st birthday or the
day he became a journeyman printer. Freedom?
Why yes, my friend. An indenture is a signed contract that legally bound
Nathanial as the property of the print shop owner. The owner was not
“adopting” the boy, but owning
him! An indenture was a short term contract, often for 7 years. The person
being indentured gave up their rights and freedoms in exchange to either
learn a trade, or to have their owner pay off their bad debts. For the
next many years, Nathanial lived with the printer’s family. Ate with them,
slept in their home and worked 6 days a week for most likely 12 to 16 hours a
day. His duties could include any number of things. Cleaning up, running
errands, laborious tasks that journeymen did not care to do. Yet, throughout
all these years, they slowly and completely taught him his art. He mastered
writing copy, setting type, making ready the form, wetting paper, inking the
type,
operating the press,
trimming and folding paper, redistributing the type, making ink and much,
much more. In his youth, Nathanial sometimes felt that his tasks were too
hard for a boy in his teens, but once grown, he could see how the hard work
had developed not only the strength of his body, but also taught him valuable
lessons in his trade. Nathanial
understood his place in the working household. He was not family. He was not
an adopted member of the family. He was an indentured servant. This placed
him as less than a family member but above being a slave. His quarters were
sparse, his possessions even less. But, he knew that if he worked hard and
earned the respect of the journeyman printers around him, he would earn the
respect of his Master. If his Master thought well of him, then he would be
treated better. Better meals, nicer cloths, more access to the Master’s
private library and more advanced teachings. If he performed poorly or was
lazy, then he may be whipped or beaten. But Nathanial need not worry about
that. He loved learning his trade and became a respected part of the print shop. Although
his mother and father taught him basics of learning his letters, to read and
ciphering, a printer had to be literate and able to calculate numbers. Part
of his indenture ship meant that at night he was taught to read and do math.
Insatiable in learning, Nathanial found that a printer’s devil had a wealth
of knowledge at his finger tips. From the books for sale in his Master’s
shop, papers printed in his own shop, or the Master’s own private library in
the house. He absorbed all he could. He so loved books, that it was a rare
moment that Nathanial did not have either a book under his arm or his nose
buried deeply in a tome. After
those long seven years, Nathanial’s term of indenture ship was complete.
Because of his hard work, Nathanial was proudly presented his journeyman
printer status. From that day forward, he was released to become a free man
and began earning a pay instead of earning a skill. At 21, Nathanial had read
more books than many of the scholars of his day. He had listened to the
learned men who frequented the printer’s shop to buy books. Their advise and
wisdom became his. Through all of the books he read and the great men he
knew, Nathanial had grown from a boy with no future, to that of a learned man
who’s trade was well respected …. As
was Nathanial. |
